{"id":688,"date":"2024-07-17T06:44:28","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T06:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=688"},"modified":"2024-07-17T06:44:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T06:44:28","slug":"rediscovering-ancient-civilizations-central-andes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/rediscovering-ancient-civilizations-central-andes\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung: Di s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung<\/h2>\n\n

Ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean m\u00e2y<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Inca. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 3.700 d\u1eb7m, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u treo v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebdo v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch n\u00fai d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh: V\u00f9ng Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung, bao g\u1ed3m mi\u1ec1n nam Ecuador, t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Bolivia v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Peru, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong khi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Andes.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a Peru, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n Inca b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 3500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Caral, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Machu Picchu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao \u1edf d\u00e3y Andes, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7 Andean kh\u00e1c, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hiram Bingham<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Machu Picchu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1911 b\u1edfi Hiram Bingham \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Melchor Arteaga, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Bingham \u0111\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Tiwanaku \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ng\u1ea7m b\u00ed \u1ea9n Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar, m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n vinh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes mi\u1ec1n Trung Ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean m\u00e2y \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[1673,89,1672,88,27,1674,1671],"class_list":["post-688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-pre-inca-civilizations","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-inca-empire","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-south-america","tag-ancient-civilizations"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":689,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/688\/revisions\/689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}