{"id":708,"date":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","date_gmt":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=708"},"modified":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","modified_gmt":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","slug":"southern-route-out-of-africa-evidence-and-controversies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology-and-archaeology\/southern-route-out-of-africa-evidence-and-controversies\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam ra kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi<\/h2>\n\n

Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 qua mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Ai C\u1eadp, B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Sinai v\u00e0 t\u1edbi Israel v\u00e0 Jordan ng\u00e0y nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam, c\u0169ng kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb S\u1eebng Ch\u00e2u Phi, b\u0103ng qua Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 t\u1eeb 80.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 60.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 2023, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Jebel Faya, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0 35 d\u1eb7m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m r\u00ecu c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 n\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 125.000 n\u0103m. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u1ea2 R\u1eadp s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hay \u1edf l\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam. \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i” m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea2 R\u1eadp khi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Saudi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt n\u00f4ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o 80.000, 100.000 v\u00e0 125.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian do b\u0103ng tan v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n cho th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea2 R\u1eadp trong 400.000 n\u0103m qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong v\u00f2ng 150.000 n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 eo bi\u1ec3n ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch hai kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5 d\u1eb7m.<\/p>\n\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m giao c\u1eaft h\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n tinh x\u1ea3o hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u1edf \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, \u0111i theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam<\/h2>\n\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam ra kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t khi m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam ra kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i Cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u Phi Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1717],"tags":[1716,1317,1714,88,132,1715],"class_list":["post-708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology-and-archaeology","tag-arabia","tag-africa","tag-human-migration","tag-archaeology","tag-anthropology","tag-southern-route"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=708"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":709,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708\/revisions\/709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}