V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 3,66 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, trong tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf Tanzania. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Australopithecus afarensis, lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng “Lucy” thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng A. afarensis l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a A. afarensis m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa g\u1ea5u non do v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i g\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5u. Ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf g\u1ea5u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n cho th\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3u \u0111i b\u1eaft ch\u00e9o, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n b\u1eaft ch\u00e9o qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf g\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c tinh tinh.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong chi Australopithecus. Lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi A. afarensis v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2u nay cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Laetoli. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n xung quanh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n b\u00ed \u1ea9n V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1908,137,1905,1906,1907,613,487],"class_list":["post-796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-australopithecus-afarensis","tag-paleontology","tag-ancient-footprints","tag-bipedalism","tag-hominin","tag-scientific-discovery","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":797,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions\/797"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}