{"id":834,"date":"2024-01-03T22:53:59","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T22:53:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=834"},"modified":"2024-01-03T22:53:59","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T22:53:59","slug":"volcano-study-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/volcano-study-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a magma b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a magma v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phun tr\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00ecnh to ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi phun tr\u00e0o khi magma t\u00edch t\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a magma v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda do n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n<p>Camera nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 tinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng dung nham. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phun tr\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c xung quanh n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a magma ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 3D<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 3D v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m lidar v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh tr\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 3D gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng dung nham, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u01a1 t\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng dung nham, l\u1edbp tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch pyroclastic, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00ed:<\/strong> \u0110o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a magma v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phun tr\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong kho ch\u1ee9a magma c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[1980,1981,1979,1976,1978,1977,1975,1974],"class_list":["post-834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-3d-mapping","tag-geologic-deposits","tag-geophysics","tag-seismic-monitoring","tag-temperature-monitoring","tag-ground-deformation","tag-volcanic-activity","tag-volcanology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=834"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":835,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834\/revisions\/835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}