{"id":836,"date":"2020-03-11T06:18:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T06:18:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=836"},"modified":"2020-03-11T06:18:37","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T06:18:37","slug":"tony-hillerman-mile-high-multiculturalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/literature\/tony-hillerman-mile-high-multiculturalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Tony Hillerman: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam cao m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tony Hillerman: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam cao m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Tony Hillerman, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft trinh th\u00e1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1m t\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sa m\u1ea1c cao c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Sinh ra \u1edf Oklahoma, Hillerman chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn New Mexico v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Albuquerque: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Hillerman \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Albuquerque s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 cao “m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m” c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai xung quanh, Rio Grande v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng ven s\u00f4ng r\u00e2m m\u00e1t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ea7n Albuquerque, Los Ranchos v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con m\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i (acequias) v\u1eabn d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho Hillerman m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ee9c tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 Los Ranchos c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf Pueblo bao quanh th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hillerman ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf Pueblo l\u00e0 “Gente de raz\u00f3n” (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Guadalupe Hidalgo v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Guadalupe Hidalgo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i Chi\u1ebfn tranh Mexico-Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf Pueblo v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha ban cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng theo lu\u1eadt Hoa K\u1ef3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng con m\u01b0\u01a1ng (acequias) t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho Los Ranchos v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho Albuquerque. Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Los Alamos \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean Cao nguy\u00ean Pajarito, v\u00e0 C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Kirtland c\u00f9ng Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Sandia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Albuquerque tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Albuquerque<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Atchison, Topeka v\u00e0 Santa Fe v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Albuquerque. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 ga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh “New Town”. Khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Old Town”, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai khu v\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa “New Town” v\u00e0 “Old Town” v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00fai Sandia: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00fai Sandia, cao tr\u00ean 11.000 feet \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Albuquerque, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho Hillerman. Nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (“Sandia” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u” trong ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha). Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai mang \u0111\u1ebfn khung c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quan xung quanh, t\u1eeb N\u00fai Turquoise linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Santa Fe v\u00e0 Los Alamos.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Albuquerque c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn hoang v\u1eafng, bao g\u1ed3m n\u00fai, cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Hillerman t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 n\u00e0y, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1eeb Los Ranchos, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, mang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hillerman<\/h2>\n\n

18 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft trinh th\u00e1m c\u1ee7a Tony Hillerman c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Jim Chee v\u00e0 Joe Leaphorn \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hillerman nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tony Hillerman: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam cao m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng Tony Hillerman, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[429],"tags":[1986,1987,99,1989,1988,1985,1984,1982,1983],"class_list":["post-836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literature","tag-multiculturalism","tag-new-mexico","tag-lifescienceart","tag-rio-grande","tag-sandia-mountain","tag-american-southwest","tag-mystery-novels","tag-tony-hillerman","tag-native-american-literature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":837,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions\/837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}