{"id":838,"date":"2023-02-21T07:34:59","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T07:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=838"},"modified":"2023-02-21T07:34:59","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T07:34:59","slug":"edward-s-curtis-and-the-legacy-of-native-american-photography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/photography\/edward-s-curtis-and-the-legacy-of-native-american-photography\/","title":{"rendered":"Edward S. Curtis v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edward S. Curtis v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Edward S. Curtis: Ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Edward S. Curtis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1907 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, ch\u1ee5p h\u01a1n 40.000 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 80 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Curtis kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n thu \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Curtis l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1t 20 t\u1eadp c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9”. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 “d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Kinh th\u00e1nh King James”. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u01a1n 1.000 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Curtis \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Curtis v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Trong khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Curtis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Curtis th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 s\u1eafp bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Curtis<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Curtis v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u01b0 Pamela J. Peters, Zig Jackson, Wendy Red Star v\u00e0 Will Wilson s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

Pamela J. Peters: \u0110\u00f2i l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Pamela J. Peters, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim ng\u01b0\u1eddi Navajo, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Curtis v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong lo\u1ea1t \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda “B\u1ed1n m\u00f9a”, Peters m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng khi quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng \u0111inh ghim, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i b\u01a1m h\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Peters \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Zig Jackson: Ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

Zig Jackson, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Rising Buffalo, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mandan, Hidatsa v\u00e0 Arikara, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn. Lo\u1ea1t phim “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba” v\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n

Wendy Red Star: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Wendy Red Star l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Portland, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 trong khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Aps\u00e1alooke. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Trong lo\u1ea1t \u1ea3nh “Medicine Crow” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Red Star l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u00f4i khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh c\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n

Will Wilson: Thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a Curtis<\/h2>\n\n

Will Wilson, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Din\u00e9, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung m\u00e0 Curtis \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “ferrotype” gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edward S. Curtis v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Edward S. Curtis: Ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Edward S. Curtis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[1991,1993,1990,1992,540,63],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-edward-s-curtis","tag-stereotypes","tag-native-american-photography","tag-contemporary-native-american-art","tag-identity","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":839,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}