{"id":865,"date":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=865"},"modified":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","modified_gmt":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","slug":"first-cookbooks-published-by-black-people-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/food-and-drink\/first-cookbooks-published-by-black-people-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 da \u0111en \u1edf M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u1ea5u \u0103n gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Robert Roberts, “The House Servant’s Directory” (1827)<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, “The House Servant’s Directory” c\u1ee7a Robert Roberts kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gia \u0111\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f3n \u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Roberts ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Tunis Gulic Campbell, “Hotel Keepers, Head Waiters and Housekeepers’ Guide” (1848)<\/h2>\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tunis Gulic Campbell l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Roberts, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Campbell c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Malinda Russell, “Domestic Cook Book” (1866)<\/h2>\n\n

S\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n c\u1ee7a Malinda Russell n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn do m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi vi\u1ebft. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Russell khi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt \u1edf Tennessee. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 da tr\u1eafng, v\u00ec s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n

Abby Fisher, “What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking” (1881)<\/h2>\n\n

S\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n c\u1ee7a Abby Fisher \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft. Fisher, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf San Francisco v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 da \u0111en ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh da tr\u1eafng, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi mang v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eafp, khoai lang v\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00eda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eefng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[2064,2063,621,1434,1080,347,99,126],"class_list":["post-865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-drink","tag-southern-cuisine","tag-historical-recipes","tag-culinary-history","tag-black-history","tag-african-american-history","tag-food-history","tag-lifescienceart","tag-cookbooks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":866,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}