{"id":978,"date":"2020-05-03T07:40:35","date_gmt":"2020-05-03T07:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=978"},"modified":"2020-05-03T07:40:35","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T07:40:35","slug":"great-white-sharks-terrified-of-orcas-the-oceans-true-apex-predators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/marine-biology\/great-white-sharks-terrified-of-orcas-the-oceans-true-apex-predators\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn: K\u1ebb khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7, k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

Trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 orca.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7: S\u00e1t th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u, c\u00e1 heo, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 m\u1eadp kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n m\u1ed3i theo nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i: \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n

Khi c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u00e3i s\u0103n \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i”, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 m\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1eafn th\u1ebb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, 17 con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u1ebb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Southeast Farallon. Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u00e3i s\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i? Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7<\/h2>\n\n

N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0103n gan gi\u00e0u calo c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m 1997, m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn non khi n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tham gia c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n m\u1ed9t con s\u01b0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1ebft con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0103n ng\u1ea5u gan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m 2017, x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nam Phi v\u1edbi gan b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 do c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 g\u00e2y ra, ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m r\u0103ng kh\u1ecfe kho\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 moi gan, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i: H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n

N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n. Khi c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 lui t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3o Southeast Farallon, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng voi bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb c\u00e1 m\u1eadp \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 62%. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u0103n m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 m\u1eadp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u non ki\u1ebfm \u0103n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u0103n b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7, v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n m\u1ed3i theo nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1 m\u1eadp tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn: K\u1ebb khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7, k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng K\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[845,2279,2280,2281,2282,2283,361],"class_list":["post-978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-biology","tag-ecosystem-impacts","tag-great-white-sharks","tag-orcas","tag-apex-predators","tag-landscape-of-fear","tag-predator-prey-relationships","tag-marine-biology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":979,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions\/979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}