{"id":16705,"date":"2021-11-27T07:16:37","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T07:16:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16705"},"modified":"2021-11-27T07:16:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T07:16:37","slug":"volcanic-eruption-napoleons-waterloo-defeat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/science\/history-of-science\/volcanic-eruption-napoleons-waterloo-defeat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u60e8\u8d25\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5929\u6c14"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5bfc\u81f4\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n

\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79<\/h2>\n\n

1815 \u5e74 6 \u6708 18 \u65e5\uff0c\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u8be5\u6218\u5f79\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u6218\u5f79\u7531\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u00b7\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u7387\u9886\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u6218\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u548c\u8377\u5170\u8054\u519b\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5728\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u66b4\u96e8\u548c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u62d6\u5ef6<\/h2>\n\n

\u5728\u6218\u5f79\u524d\u591c\uff0c\u503e\u76c6\u5927\u96e8\u6d47\u704c\u4e86\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5730\u9762\u53d8\u5e72\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u62c5\u5fc3\u6ce5\u6cde\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u4ed6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u706b\u70ae\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d6\u5ef6\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed9\u4e86\u654c\u65b9\u519b\u961f\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u53d1\u52a8\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1<\/h2>\n\n

\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u5929\u6c14\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6570\u5343\u516c\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u30021815 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u677e\u5df4\u54c7\u5c9b\u7684\u5766\u535a\u62c9\u706b\u5c71\u731b\u70c8\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u548c\u788e\u7247\u88ab\u629b\u5c04\u5230\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070<\/h2>\n\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u67f1\u53ea\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7ea6 31 \u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u5e73\u6d41\u5c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e1d\u56fd\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7J\u00b7\u6839\u57fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u55b7\u5c04\u5230\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\uff0c\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u65b9 50 \u5230 600 \u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u9759\u7535\u548c\u4e91\u5c42\u5f62\u6210<\/h2>\n\n

\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9759\u7535\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u63a8\u5411\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u3002\u5f53\u5e26\u7535\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u9897\u7c92\u5230\u8fbe\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u5f15\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e91\u5c42\u5f62\u6210\u6765\u6270\u4e71\u6c14\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u5766\u535a\u62c9\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n\n

\u5766\u535a\u62c9\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5411\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u786b\u9178\u76d0\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u9010\u6e10\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5317\u534a\u7403\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76f4\u5230 1816 \u5e74\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u590f\u4e4b\u5e74\u201d\uff09\u624d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u9897\u7c92\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u5728 1815 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u5c31\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e91\u5c42\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u5929\u6c14\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h2>\n\n

1815 \u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u6c14\u8bb0\u5f55\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5929\u5f02\u5e38\u591a\u96e8\u3002\u6839\u57fa\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5766\u535a\u62c9\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u514b\u62c9\u5361\u6258\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u548c\u53d1\u5149\u4e91<\/h2>\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u5ea7\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u706b\u5c71\u514b\u62c9\u5361\u6258\u4e8e 1833 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u9ad8\u7a7a\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5947\u602a\u7684\u53d1\u5149\u4e91\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e91\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6781\u4e2d\u5c42\u4e91\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0a 53 \u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u9ad8\u7a7a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u514b\u62c9\u5361\u6258\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5c42\u5927\u6c14\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e91\u5c42\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8c1c\u56e2<\/h2>\n\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5766\u535a\u62c9\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u5929\u6c14\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6218\u7565\u51b3\u7b56\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/h2>\n\n

\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5bf9\u5929\u6c14\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u6c14\u5019\u4e0e\u706b\u5c71\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5bfc\u81f4\uff1f \u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79 1815 \u5e74 6 \u6708 18 \u65e5\uff0c\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u8be5\u6218\u5f79\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u6218\u5f79\u7531\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u00b7\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u7387\u9886\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u6218\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u548c\u8377\u5170\u8054\u519b\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5728\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002 \u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u66b4\u96e8\u548c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u62d6\u5ef6 \u5728\u6218\u5f79\u524d\u591c\uff0c\u503e\u76c6\u5927\u96e8\u6d47\u704c\u4e86\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5730\u9762\u53d8\u5e72\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u62c5\u5fc3\u6ce5\u6cde\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u4ed6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u706b\u70ae\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d6\u5ef6\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed9\u4e86\u654c\u65b9\u519b\u961f\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u53d1\u52a8\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1 \u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u5929\u6c14\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6570\u5343\u516c\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u30021815 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u677e\u5df4\u54c7\u5c9b\u7684\u5766\u535a\u62c9\u706b\u5c71\u731b\u70c8\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u548c\u788e\u7247\u88ab\u629b\u5c04\u5230\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u3002 \u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070 \u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u67f1\u53ea\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7ea6 31 \u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u5e73\u6d41\u5c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e1d\u56fd\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7J\u00b7\u6839\u57fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u55b7\u5c04\u5230\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\uff0c\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u65b9 50 \u5230 600 \u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002 \u9759\u7535\u548c\u4e91\u5c42\u5f62\u6210 \u6839\u57fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9759\u7535\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u63a8\u5411\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u3002\u5f53\u5e26\u7535\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u9897\u7c92\u5230\u8fbe\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u5f15\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e91\u5c42\u5f62\u6210\u6765\u6270\u4e71\u6c14\u5019\u3002 \u5766\u535a\u62c9\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5f71\u54cd \u5766\u535a\u62c9\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5411\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u786b\u9178\u76d0\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u9010\u6e10\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5317\u534a\u7403\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76f4\u5230 1816 \u5e74\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u590f\u4e4b\u5e74\u201d\uff09\u624d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u9897\u7c92\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u5728 1815…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[27,7431,17384,22102,1265,99,97],"class_list":["post-16705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-history","tag-napoleon","tag-climate","tag-waterloo","tag-volcano","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16705"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16706,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16705\/revisions\/16706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}