{"id":18608,"date":"2021-01-26T02:10:36","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T02:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18608"},"modified":"2021-01-26T02:10:36","modified_gmt":"2021-01-26T02:10:36","slug":"christopher-columbus-letter-discovery-controversy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/uncategorized\/christopher-columbus-letter-discovery-controversy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4efd\u9887\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4efd\u9887\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n

\u4fe1\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n

1493 \u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7ed9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u738b\u540e\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u62c9\u4e00\u4e16\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u822a\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u539f\u4ef6\u4ece\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u4f73\u58eb\u5f97\u62cd\u5356\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ee5 390 \u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u552e\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4f30\u4ef7\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n

\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5a92\u4f53\u72c2\u6b22\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u4ed6\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u738b\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u4f73\u58eb\u5f97\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u72c2\u6b22\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u904d\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n

\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u5ba1\u67e5<\/h2>\n\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4f2a\u9020\u548c\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u526f\u672c\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d5d\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\u56de\u6536\u3002\u4f73\u58eb\u5f97\u786e\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u526f\u672c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7591\u7ebf\u7d22\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u9057\u4ea7<\/h2>\n\n

\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u63a9\u76d6\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5510\u5a1c\u00b7\u5f17\u683c\u68ee\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u603b\u7763\u548c\u526f\u738b\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5265\u524a\u4e86\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u7684\u6cf0\u8bfa\u4eba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u91c7\u9ec4\u91d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5b9a\u989d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n

\u571f\u8457\u89c2\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n

\u9274\u4e8e\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u4e5f\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53f2\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u8d1d\u745e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u8d1d\u745e\u544a\u8bc9\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u8fd9\u4efd\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n

\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n\n

\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6709\u5171\u9e23\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7269\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u88ab\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9020\u6210\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u540e\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4efd\u9887\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6 \u4fe1\u4ef6 1493 \u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7ed9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u738b\u540e\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u62c9\u4e00\u4e16\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u822a\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u539f\u4ef6\u4ece\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u4f73\u58eb\u5f97\u62cd\u5356\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ee5 390 \u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u552e\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4f30\u4ef7\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002 \u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49 \u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5a92\u4f53\u72c2\u6b22\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u4ed6\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u738b\u5ba4\u3002 \u4f73\u58eb\u5f97\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u72c2\u6b22\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u904d\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u201d \u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u5ba1\u67e5 \u7531\u4e8e\u4f2a\u9020\u548c\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u526f\u672c\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d5d\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\u56de\u6536\u3002\u4f73\u58eb\u5f97\u786e\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u526f\u672c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7591\u7ebf\u7d22\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002 \u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u9057\u4ea7 \u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u63a9\u76d6\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002 \u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5510\u5a1c\u00b7\u5f17\u683c\u68ee\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u603b\u7763\u548c\u526f\u738b\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5265\u524a\u4e86\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u7684\u6cf0\u8bfa\u4eba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u91c7\u9ec4\u91d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5b9a\u989d\u3002\u201d \u571f\u8457\u89c2\u70b9 \u9274\u4e8e\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u4e5f\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53f2\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u8d1d\u745e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002 \u8d1d\u745e\u544a\u8bc9\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u8fd9\u4efd\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201d \u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd \u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6709\u5171\u9e23\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7269\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u88ab\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9020\u6210\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u540e\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[19660,27,70,564,3064],"class_list":["post-18608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-christopher-columbus","tag-history","tag-indigenous-rights","tag-exploration","tag-legacy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18609,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608\/revisions\/18609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}